Knowledge of Pakistan and India History and Culture

 Pakistan History: Here is a short but complete overview of the history of Pakistan — a country with deep roots in ancient times and a contemporary history made up of faith, politics, and survival.     Prehistoric & Ancient History (Prior to 700 CE) Indus Valley Civilization (circa 2600–1900 BCE) One of the earliest city civilizations in the world. Chief centers: Mohenjo-daro, Harappa (in today's Pakistan). Renowned for sophisticated urban planning, sewage system, and commerce. Vedic Period & Successor Empires After the Indus Valley's collapse, Indo-Aryans migrated to the territory. Later on, the area experienced Achaemenid Persians' rule, Alexander's, Mauryan Empire's (Ashoka's), and Greco-Bactrians. Gandhara Civilization Mix of Buddhist, Persian, and Greek culture. Renowned for Gandhara art as well as for Buddhist artifacts (e.g., Taxila).   Islamic Influence & Medieval Period (700s-1500s) Introduction of Islam (8th Ce...

 India History India boasts one of the richest and most varied histories in the world, which stretches back thousands of years. Below is a brief overview of the principal periods and highlights in Indian history: Prehistoric India (Before 2500 BCE) •Early human beings occupied the Indian subcontinent as far back as 500,000 years ago. •The tools and cave paintings of the period have been discovered in locations such as Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh). Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2500–1900 BCE) •One of the world's first urban civilizations. •Capital cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro (in modern Pakistan). •Famous for sophisticated town planning, sewage systems, and trade networks. Vedic Period (c. 1500–500 BCE) •Aryans invaded India and wrote the Vedas, ancient Hindu scripture. •Emergence of early Hinduism and caste system. •People became more settled and agricultural. Mahajanapadas & Rise of Religions (c. 600–300 BCE) •Numerous small kingdoms and republics (...