Fourteen Points of Quaid-i-Azam and Nehru Report Effects

 Fourteen Points of Quaid-i-Azam and Nehru Report Effects

The Fourteen Points, presented by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1932, outlined his vision for a future Indian constitution, emphasizing federalism, provincial autonomy, minority representation, and Muslim rights, including separate electorates and a guarantee of representation in central and provincial cabinets. 

1. The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers to be vested in the provinces.
2. A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.
3. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality.
4. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third.
5. Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate.
6. Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the NWFP.
7. Full religious liberty i.e. liberty of belief, worship, and observance, propaganda, association, and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.
8. No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to that community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible practicable to deal with such cases.
9. Sind should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
10. Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Baluchistan on the same footing as in other provinces.
11. Provision should be made in the Constitution giving Muslims an adequate share along with the other Indians in all the services of the State and in local self-governing bodies, having due regard to the requirements of efficiency.
12. The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion and personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the State and by local self-governing bodies.
13. No cabinet, either Central or Provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers.
14. No change shall be made in the Constitution by the Central Legislature except with the concurrence of the States constituting the Indian Federation.

 

Muslim League made it clear that no constitutional solution will be acceptable to them unless and until it in cooperates the fourteen points.

 

         Why was 14 points written

President Woodrow Wilson outlined the Fourteen Points in a January 8, 1918 speech to Congress as  emphasizing principles like open diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination. 

Here's a more detailed explanation:

• Context:

  The Fourteen Points were presented as a response to the causes of World War I and as a roadmap for peace negotiations. 
• Purpose:

  Wilson aimed to establish a just and lasting peace that would prevent future wars by addressing the underlying issues that led to the conflict. 
• Key Principles:

  The Fourteen Points included:

  • Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no more secret international understandings. 
  • Freedom of the seas in all circumstances. 
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Removal, as far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. 

Mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. 

A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Impact:

The Fourteen Points influenced the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations, though not all of Wilson's proposals were fully implemented. 

Significance:

The Fourteen Points are significant because they represent an early vision for a world order based on international cooperation and the principles of self-determination and open diplomacy. 

 

After the publication of the Nehru Report in 1928, which proposed a draft constitution for India, the Muslim League rejected its recommendations, leading to the formulation of Jinnah's Fourteen Points and increased tensions between the Muslim and Hindu communities.